[96] The Portuguese also built several fortifications around the city like the Bombay Castle, Castella de Aguada (Castelo da Aguada or Bandra Fort), and Madh Fort. [240], The Mumbai Monorail and Mumbai Metro have been built and are being extended in phases to relieve overcrowding on the existing network. Currently, the area of Chennai is 1,189 sq km, Mumbai 4,354 sq km, Hyderabad 7,100 sq km and Bengaluru 8,005 sq km. [383] [210] The Mumbai Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Mumbai Police. Located on Maharashtra’s coast, Mumbai is India’s most-populous city, and it is one of the largest and most densely populated urban areas in Spread over 307,713 km 2 (118,809 sq mi), it is the third-largest state by area in India. [87][88] In 1493, Bahadur Khan Gilani of the Bahmani Sultanate attempted to conquer the islands but was defeated. [282] Ferries from Ferry Wharf in Mazagaon allow access to islands near the city. [301] Mobile phone coverage is extensive, and the main service providers are Vodafone Essar, Airtel, MTNL, Loop Mobile, Reliance Communications, Idea Cellular and Tata Indicom. Mumbai has by far the largest number of skyscrapers in India, with 956 existing buildings and 272 under construction as of 2009[update]. The living space is 4.5 square metres per person. [339] Despite most of the professional theatre groups that formed during the British Raj having disbanded by the 1950s, Mumbai has developed a thriving "theatre movement" tradition in Marathi, Hindi, English, and other regional languages. All India Press Trust of India Updated: November 22, 2018 6:07 pm IST [49] Ali Muhammad Khan, imperial dewan or revenue minister of the Gujarat province, in the Mirat-i Ahmedi (1762) referred to the city as Manbai. [320], The number of migrants to Mumbai from outside Maharashtra during the 1991–2001 decade was 1.12 million, which amounted to 54.8% of the net addition to the population of Mumbai. Mumbai suffers from the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast growing cities in developing countries: widespread poverty and unemployment, poor public health and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population. The islands were leased to several Portuguese officers during their regime. Shop for sale in Vasai East , Mumbai. Built in 1833, the Asiatic Society of Bombay is one of the oldest public libraries in the city. [160] The eastern coast of Salsette Island is covered with large mangrove swamps, rich in biodiversity, while the western coast is mostly sandy and rocky. [242], Mumbai is the headquarters of two zones of the Indian Railways: the Central Railway (CR) headquartered at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus), and the Western Railway (WR) headquartered at Churchgate. [33][34] Mumbai has the eighth-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world,[35] and Mumbai's billionaires had the highest average wealth of any city in the world in 2008. [51], By the late 20th century, the city was referred to as Mumbai or Mambai in Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Kannada and Sindhi, and as Bambai in Hindi. The key sectors contributing to the city's economy are: finance, gems & jewellery, leather processing, IT and ITES, textiles, and entertainment. [272], The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic. [264] The Eastern Freeway was opened in 2013. "Central Pollution Control Board Air Quality Information. [212] Mumbai also has two lower courts, the small causes court for civil matters, and the sessions court for criminal cases. Marathi dailies enjoy the maximum readership share in the city and the top Marathi language newspapers are Maharashtra Times, Navakaal, Lokmat, Loksatta, Mumbai Chaufer, Saamana and Sakaal. [46], Other variations recorded in the 16th and the 17th centuries include: Mombayn (1525), Bombay (1538), Bombain (1552), Bombaym (1552), Monbaym (1554), Mombaim (1563), Mombaym (1644), Bambaye (1666), Bombaiim (1666), Bombeye (1676), Boon Bay (1690),[45][47] and Bon Bahia. [221], In the Indian national elections held every five years, Mumbai is represented by six parliamentary constituencies: North, North West, North East, North Central, South Central, and South. [239] The Mumbai rail network is spread at an expanse of 319 route kilometres. [31] The total area of Mumbai is 603.4 km2 (233 sq mi). Mumbai has three UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Elephanta Caves and the Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble. [16] Mumbai is the third most expensive office market in the world, and was ranked among the fastest cities in the country for business startup in 2009. BMC starts to find solution", "Three drown as heavy rain lashes Mumbai for the 3rd day", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)", "Station: Mumbai (Colaba) Climatological Table 1981–2010", "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India", "Normals Data: Bombay/Colaba - India Latitude: 18.90°N Longitude: 72.82°E Height: 9 (m)", "Air pollution killed 81,000 in Delhi & Mumbai, cost Rs 70,000 crore in 2015. [151] Mumbai is bounded by the Arabian Sea to the west. [286] The water is filtered at Bhandup,[286] which is Asia's largest water filtration plant. km is recorded forest area while 53,484 sq. The term had been in use for quite some time but it gained popularity after the official name change to Mumbai. [330] Parsis migrated to India from Greater Iran following the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. [13] As per Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. ", "Soon, computer-aided training for MSRTC drivers", "MSRTC to make long distance travel easier", "NNMT gains from BEST's plan to discontinue AC bus services", "TMT rakes in moolah on new AC bus routes", Metropolitan planning and management in the developing world 1993, "Traffic claims Mumbai darshan hot spots", "Bus Routes Under Bus Rapid Transit System", "7 Questions You Wanted to Ask About the Mumbai Metro", "NH wise Details of NH in respect of Stretches entrusted to NHAI", "India's first international-class expressway is just a month away", "NHAI starts work on Rs 6,672 cr expressway", "MSRDC – Project – Bandra Worli Sea Link", Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation, "28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets – Mumbai – DNA", "Mumbai's five gateways may become toll-free", "Only 10 public transport services for every 90 private vehicles in Mumbai", "28,000 more autos to run riot on MMR streets", "Statistics: Mumbai International Airport Limited", "Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA)- Masterplan", "With maiden Air India flight, T2 opens to public", "Work on Navi Mumbai airport may start next year", "It will be years before Mumbai surmounts its water crisis", "RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT-2005 INFORMATION BOOKLET", "Water contamination complaints double, Bhandup hit hard", "Make way for Mulund, Mumbai's newest hotspot", "Country's first water tunnel to come up in Mumbai", "Now, a toll-free helpline to check water leakage, theft", "To curb power theft, Maharashtra explores underground supply network across state", "Cooking gas cylinders to be sold at petrol pumps", "Piped gas becomes more attractive for the kitchen", "Reliance Offers BlackBerry in India, Vies With Bharti", "Internet surfers: Mumbai scores, Bangalore falls", "Mumbai's entrance -the 'Gateway' to be more tourist-friendly", "Is the world's weirdest property market strangling the city that hosts it? [353] Essel World is a theme park and amusement centre situated close to Gorai Beach,[354] and includes Asia's largest theme water park, Water Kingdom. [307] Art Deco styled landmarks can be found along the Marine Drive and west of the Oval Maidan. [18][19] Mumbai is home to three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Elephanta Caves, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, and the city's distinctive ensemble of Victorian and Art Deco buildings. By the middle of the 17th century the growing power of the Dutch Empire forced the English to acquire a station in western India. In the late 1960s, Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade were reclaimed and developed. List of cities in India with an area of more than 300 km 2 It sits on Salsette Island (Sashti Island), which it partially shares with the Thane district. In March 1993, a series of 13 coordinated bombings at several city landmarks by Islamic extremists and the Bombay underworld resulted in 257 deaths and over 700 injuries. [109] The Portuguese presence ended in Bombay when the Marathas under Peshwa Baji Rao I captured Salsette in 1737, and Bassein in 1739. [260], Water transport in Mumbai consists of ferries, hovercraft and catamarans. [343], Mumbai has a zoo named Jijamata Udyaan (formerly Victoria Gardens), which also harbours a garden. [105], In 1687, the English East India Company transferred its headquarters from Surat to Bombay. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}18°58′00″N 72°50′00″E / 18.9667°N 72.8333°E / 18.9667; 72.8333, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, City and Industrial Development Corporation, List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - Who We Are, "Metropolitan region now covers Palghar, Vasai | Mumbai News - Times of India", "INDIA STATS: Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011", "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority – About MMR", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region&oldid=999930814, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 17:44. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 persons per square kilometre. Visit Now! Nariman Point and Bandra Kurla Complex (BKC) are Mumbai's major financial centres. [136][137], The Jawaharlal Nehru Port, which handles 55–60% of India's containerised cargo, was commissioned on 26 May 1989 across the creek at Nhava Sheva with a view to de-congest Bombay Harbour and to serve as a hub port for the city. ", "When it comes to courses, MU dishes up a big buffet", India Today Best Universities 2013: University of Mumbai – | Photo1 | India Today |, "India Today ranks India's Best Universities for 2013", "Admission process for autonomous engg colleges to start today", "First U.S.-India joint EMBA program begins", "..:: Directorate of Technical Education, Maharashtra State, Mumbai ::", "University ties up with renowned institutes", "IT Raids at IPL Headquarter at BCCI in Mumbai, reports NDTV | InvestmentKit.com Articles", "Attacking pattern of play has delivered", "Brabourne – the stadium with a difference", "Forget cricket, soccer's new media favourite", "I-League: Mahindra United to face Mumbai FC", "HIL: Police assure tight security for matches in Mumbai", "Badminton Association of India announces the 2nd Edition of the Indian Badminton League", "Mallya, Diageo fight for McDowell Derby", "Motor racing-Force India F1 team to launch 2008 car in Mumbai", "Bangalore replaces Mumbai on ATP Tour circuit", "Executive Summary on Comprehensive Transportation Study for MMR", "Office of the Commissioner of Police, Mumbai", "Multilingualism, Multiculturalism and Education: Case Study of Mumbai City", "Population and Employment profile of Mumbai Metropolitan Region", "The Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888", Official website of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST), Indian Institute of Technology - Bombay (IIT-B), Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT), Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS), SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE), Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics, V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbai&oldid=1000335459, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Articles with dead external links from September 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2017, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2008, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1981–2010), MH-01 Mumbai(S/C), MH-02 Mumbai(W), MH-03 Mumbai(E), MH-47 Borivali, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 18:08. 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