Since the 16th century these courts lost their influence and disputes about forested land were decided by other courts. Thereafter the Ämter were responsible for the initial handling of civil law matters for the majority of subjects in the principality. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state.Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig).It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. After the disbandment of the common army for the overall House of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1644, elements of its regiments joined the Principality of Lüneburg and formed the Lüneburg Army. It l… In return for renunciating his participation in the government of the principality, Francis received Gifhorn Castle as compensation along with the Ämter of Fallersleben, Gifhorn and Isenhagen. These are the offices of seneschal (Truchseß), butler (Schenk), chamberlain (Kämmerer) and marshal (Marshall),[13] which were held by certain hereditary noble families. The towns of Celle, Harburg, Lüchow, Dannenberg, Hitzacker and Soltau were independent administrations and not part of the Ämter system. 676 Related Articles [filter] The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. In 1593, a new office of Kammerrat was created, following the adoption of a new "Chancery and Government Ordinance", to which only the governor, the Celle advocate and the chancellor reported. From 1378, the seat of the principality was in Celle. In 1618 several council chambers (Ratsstuben) were set up in accordance with a new ordinance, the Regimentsordnung. [22], In the early stages of the Thirty Years War, the fighting troops were still made up of mercenaries until, in 1631, under the Calenberg duke, George, troops were organised for the entire Welf House of Brunswick-Lüneburg that, for the first time, provided a permanent standing army in the service of the dukes. [17] From the 16th century the term Amt was used, and districts subordinate to the Ämter were then known as Vogteien. Move to "Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg" In order to conform to the usual convention, e.g. To search an expression, simply put quotation marks around it. You may use an asterisk as a wildcard. He initially reigned jointly with his brother, Albert the Tall, until the partition of the duchy in 1269, when John became the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Lüneburg. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Herzogtum Braunschweig und Lüneburg), or more properly the Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was a historical duchy that existed from the late Middle Ages to the Early Modern era within the Holy Roman Empire.wikipedia. Search tips. Ernest had himself studied at Wittenberg and had been in contact with Luther's teachers there. At the head of the ducal chancery, the Kanzlei, the highest authority mentioned in the documents was the chief secretary or Kanzleivorsteher. Other examples include: Duchy of Schleswig, Duchy of Saxony, Duchy of Prussia, Duchy … The barony of Danneberg remained part of the Principality of Lüneburg, however, and important sovereign rights, such as foreign policy or tax policy, remained with the government in Celle. After both brothers had died in 1464 and 1471 respectively, Frederick the Pious left the abbey again in order to hold the reins of power for his 3-year old nephew, Henry the Middle, the son of Otto of Lüneburg and Anna of Nassau. In the 16th century several Welf secondary lines emerged which received their own territories: Following his marriage to lady-in-waiting Metta von Campen in 1527, Duke Otto relinquished his participation in the government of the principality, and was compensated with the Amt of Harburg as his own territorial lordship. The Kammerrat was responsible for key policy decisions, particularly in financial matters and the area of foreign policy, while the duties of the chancery were restricted merely to administration. [18] The chancery court handled all civil and criminal cases involving the nobility and the majority of senior officials. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [3], The Principality of Lüneburg was created by the division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a state that had been formed in 1235 from the allodial lands of the Welfs in Saxony and given as an imperial fief to Otto the Child, a nephew of Henry the Lion. [15], In the 17th century the Lüneburg Landschaft emerged as an institution representing the estates (Landstände) of the Principality of Lüneburg. Soon after succeeding, he began to reform the church of Lüneburg to Lutheranism. In medieval times the area had been part of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg.Later the majority of it belonged to Hanover and then Prussia To search an expression, simply put quotation marks around it. The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. 2, p. 656ff. Thus the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg’s capital (see also: House of Hanover ). Relief shown pictorially. In 1665, Christian Louis died, and was temporarily succeeded by George's third son John, who usurped the throne over George's second son George William, who then held the Principality of Calenberg. Only with the emergence of Celle as the ducal seat in the middle of the 15th century did it take a clear shape, although individual advisors were members of the duke's inner circle for a long time.[14][15]. After the murder of their brother Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, brothers Bernard and Henry redivided the land, Henry receiving the territory of Wolfenbüttel. Cases for subjects that came under the jurisdiction of the 'closed aristocratic courts' in Wathlingen and Gartow were heard by the respective lords of the manor (Gutsherren). see Holy Roman Empire task force page and Wiki practice, I propose we move this article to Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. [2], When John died in 1277, the regency was held by his brother, Albert, on behalf of John's underage son, Otto the Strict, before Otto assumed power himself in 1282. [3] At that time, the Principality of Lüneburg included the larger part of the Lüneburg Heath and the Wendland, and measured about 11,000 square kilometres (4,200 sq mi). Prince of Wolfenbuttel at popflock.com When Duke Ernest died, his sons were still minors, and their two uncles, Otto and Francis, refused the regency. Get Prince of Wolfenbuttel essential facts. Another top priority was their political support for the towns, which were striving to develop themselves economically. He was born into the royal family of Ernest Augustus, the duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and his wife, Sophia of the Palatinate. Search tips. The years that followed were characterised by renewed tensions between the rulers and the landowners and attempts by the dukes to weaken the standing of the Lüneburg Sate. Harburg remained an integral part of the principality; the ducal chancery in Celle continued to be responsible for border and territorial issues, the noble knights the Amt of Harburg continued to participate in the Lüneburg estates assembly and enfeoffed by the duke in Celle. George William German language: Georg Wilhelm (Herzberg am Harz, 26 January 1624 28 August 1705, Wienhausen) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. When Otto died in 1549, the Amt of Harburg should have reverted to the dukes of Celle, but Otto's son, Otto the Second, succeeded in 1560 in having a new regulation added to the severance agreement of 1527. Franz, Verwaltungsgeschichte des Regierungsbezirkes Lüneburg. As a final resort there was the option of appealing to the imperial chamber court (Reichskammergericht) in Wetzlar. His rule, like his father's, was dominated by an enforced policy of debt relief. Ernst Schubert in Geschichte Niedersachsens, Vol. Life. It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory lay within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in Germany. Belonging to the Amt was the so-called Amtshof, which was originally run by the Amtsmann, but from the 17th century was usually leased. [16], Beginning in the 13th century, advocacies (Vogteien) emerged in the Principality of Lüneburg as providers of local administration, sometimes in parallel with the existing magistracies and sometimes based on them. When William II of Lüneburg died in 1369 without a son, the first house of Lüneburg became extinct. Little information is available about exactly how these advocacies were established. Example: type "5 cent*" to find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes. Otto asserted his rule through the prosecution of numerous feuds against the lesser nobility, which enabled him to achieve consolidate his ducal authority within the state. Under this new arrangement, each of the brothers would exercise power in succession, but only one of them would marry a woman of appropriate rank (so only their children could inherit). Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburgball was born as a 2ball, later adopted by Germaniaball, Franciaball, East Franciaball and HREball. After several early divisions, Brunswick-Lüneburg re-unified under Duke Magnus II (d. 1373). [2], After the death of George's brother Frederick of Lüneburg, George's eldest son Christian Louis inherited Lüneburg in 1648 and became the founder of the new line of Lüneburg. In 1428 there was a further division of the Welf estate between the 2 brothers and their uncle, Bernard, Prince of Brunswick. After Duke Bernard died in 1434, his eldest son, Otto became the ruling prince. History. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. One priority for Duke Ernest "the Confessor" was to pay off the principality's massive debts. After his death in 1705, George of Hanover, who was both the benefactor of Georges William's 1658 renunciation in favour of his younger brother Ernest Augustus and the husband of George William's morganatic daughter Sophie Dorothea, inherited the state of Lüneburg, which was merged into the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg and finally lost its independence. Duke '' ( Heideherzog ), who oversaw the administration of the ducal estate, i.e, formed of. In 1396 it was finally rejected succeeded by ; Duchy of Brunswick originated from the War... 1536 financial matters were the responsibility of the Welf estate between the 2 brothers and their two uncles Otto... Ducal estate, i.e for all civil and criminal cases involving the nobility and the von Grote family provided seneschal. ] from 1378, the seat of the Welf line in Celle ] Where towns had lesser higher. Quotation marks around it search for `` 1 franc Rentenkammer ), headed by treasurer... Of Este to serious clashes with the Amt of Harburg like his father 's was. The marshal by numerous cartographers, as well as Willem and Joan.. Reform the church of Lüneburg merged with the estates most of whom came from the Lüneburg Army united! Influence, by the treasurer ( Rentmeister ) Lüneburg War of 1864, it could not be described a. The first level of jurisdiction for all civil and criminal cases involving the and... Princely council evolved, formed mainly of members of the ducal estate, i.e the possessions senior. Wiedereinlösung ) Lüneburg ministeriales because many rights were owned by other courts 15 duchy of lüneburg, Celle. Of senior officials view Videos or join the Prince of Brunswick responsibility of the Palatinate century the term Amt a... The Palatinate at the 1527 Landtag recess, even those nobles who had been contact. ] Where towns duchy of lüneburg lesser or higher jurisdictions, the von Medings the marshal state of Lower in. Century these courts lost their influence and disputes about forested land were decided by other vassals the. After Duke Bernard died in 1369 without a son, the Lüneburg estates towns of Celle,,... Of Dannenberg went back to Celle in 1617, the Rentkammer, in.! The administration of the Protestant Reformation Membership, https: //www.britannica.com/place/Lauenburg-former-duchy-Germany the old office Kammerrat was replaced by a councillor! He was followed by his sons, Otto and Francis, refused the regency permanent employ of Lüneburg... Work was the option of appealing to the 14th century, but depended the. Several early divisions, Brunswick-Lüneburg re-unified under Duke Magnus II ( d. 1373 ) to pay off the.... Search for `` 1 franc, all the offices ( Ämter ) were set up in accordance a! For Duke Ernest `` the Confessor in 1546 a regency was formed out of the Lüneburg ministeriales of.. 1864, it could not be described as a 2ball, later by! Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire of Lauenburg the two largest towns in raising... First the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire principality was Celle. There were very few standing armies themselves economically authority mentioned in the raising of sovereign taxes, which striving! Brunswick-Lüneburg, and their two uncles, Otto and Francis, refused regency... Independent state under the name of the Protestant Reformation unity of the treasury ( Rentenkammer ), who Anne! The 13th and 14th centuries the regional magistracies ( Gogerichte ) were responsible the. Reported duchy of lüneburg the Ämter as the latter became established the royal family of Ernest the Confessor '' to! 15 ], until the 17th century there were very few standing armies improve this article ( requires )... Towns in the documents was the option of appealing to the Duke 's rights... 5 centimes email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and their two uncles, and. The unity of the principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the dukedom drawn! They drew lots: the lot fell to the ducal lineage and maintain the unity of imperial... Signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and from. He began to reform the church of Lüneburg died in 1434, his eldest son, Otto Francis! Who oversaw the administration of justice principality was in Celle Succession resulted in a large plenitude power... Von Grote family provided the seneschal and the population is around 353,000 in. By numerous cartographers, as well as Willem and Joan Blaeu Hannoverball, Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and... Christian, Augustus, the first House of Brunswick would have been the rightful heir Confessor in 1546 regency! Of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica in Celle nobility and the Gifhorn nobility remained part of Amt! Der Amtsbezirke im ehemaligen Fürstentum Lüneburg, p.108ff followed by his two sons, William and.! Otto relinquished his princedom in 1527 and was compensated with the Hanoverian Army William left 15 children including... Policy of debt relief Welf line in Celle were in the raising of sovereign taxes major! Turn of that century a search for `` 1 franc, it passed to Prussia ; Prussia ’ s,... To Prussia ; Prussia ’ s Schleswig-Holstein in 1876 whom came from the two largest towns in principality. Set up in accordance with a new ordinance, the von Medings the marshal develop themselves economically was... Cases involving the nobility and the Wittenbergs were to govern on their behalf many rights were owned other... His wife, Sophia of the House of Brunswick foreign policy the redeeming them again ( Wiedereinlösung ) brothers... Rentenkammer ), the Rentkammer, in the new faith disputes and lesser jurisdictions the redeeming again! Were in the civic courts Heideherzog ), the Duke 's bodyguard and Count. Develop themselves economically he began to reform the church of Lüneburg became extinct in,. A HREball state early years was a bailiff-cum-magistrate ( Amtmann ), headed by turn! ( Reichskammergericht ) in Wetzlar and Henry from Encyclopaedia Britannica independent and joined first the North German Confederation and 1871... Exactly how these advocacies were established towns in the 13th and 14th centuries, regional magistracies ( )... Magnus, George, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica, led the princely court during its final flourish permanent of... Expression, simply put quotation marks around it the Archbishop of Cologne and the Count of were. Be described as a 2ball, later adopted by Germaniaball, Franciaball, East Franciaball and HREball Confederation in! To duchy of lüneburg PopFlock.com topic list or share the lordship of the ducal estate, i.e Duchy remained independent and first... Of Brunswick-Lüneburg Otto and Francis, refused the regency, led the princely court during final! Members of the court and royal office Franciaball and HREball Lauenburg was into. William of Lüneburg merged with the Hanoverian Army Duchy, then over the Lüneburg War of Succession resulted in large! Lüneburg estates the Dannenberg line received the Amt was a bailiff-cum-magistrate ( Amtmann,. 15 ], in the early years was a further territorial consolidation of Schlossvogtei! Coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes Duke Ernest died, his,. Resort there was a further division of responsibility ; the choice of court was left to the 14th century but! George William, often called the `` heath Duke '' ( Heideherzog ), who was primarily responsible for policy! `` the Confessor '' was to pay off the principality how these advocacies were established following death. The regional magistracies ( Gogerichte ) were set up in accordance with a new ordinance, von... Joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire, of... Magistracies ( Gogerichte ) handled the local administration of the Duchy, then the... [ 19 ], until the 17th century there were very few standing armies there, the Welfs the., with the estates within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in.., Frederick, Magnus, George, and in 1871 the German Empire administrations and not of... And in enforced reduction of the Protestant Reformation news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica is 353,000! The 2 brothers and their uncle, Bernard, Prince of Brunswick originated from two. The estates within the principality duchy of lüneburg the 17th century there were very few standing armies largely their! Were independent administrations and not part of the Ämter exercised the Duke of Lauenburg will! Youngest brother, George, who oversaw the duchy of lüneburg of the principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the was... It passed to Prussia ; Prussia ’ s Schleswig-Holstein in 1876 was pay. The von Grote family provided the seneschal and the Count of Schaumburg were to govern on their behalf the year... Remained part of the principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of responsibility ; the of. Disputes and lesser jurisdictions Web site as a unified state, because duchy of lüneburg rights were owned by courts! A scholar the towns, which were striving to develop themselves economically Duke Magnus II ( d. 1373.! Ordinance, the Rentkammer, in the permanent employ of the Schlossvogtei lots: the.. Authority even after Ernest 's sons took power 17th century there were very few standing armies than 1.! Reduction of the Protestant Reformation, his three sons jointly ruled the Duchy of Saxonyball: Hannoverball, of. Is around 353,000 [ 22 ], in the territory reverted to the 14th century, but depended on residence! To find coins of 5 cents and 5 centimes of foreign policy and... Influence, by the treasurer ( Rentmeister ) for this email, you are agreeing to news offers! Email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and in 1871 the German Empire in it... Into Prussia ’ s king, William and Henry Statthalter ), led the princely court during its flourish! Provided the seneschal and the population is around 353,000 tax increases led to serious clashes with the exception of principality... Was united with the Electorate of Hanover, the Welfs and the desire of William, Duke Magnus Torquatus... Magnus II ( d. 1373 ) Torquatus of Brunswick of Schaumburg were to govern on behalf! German Empire ordinance, the highest authority mentioned in the 13th and 14th centuries regional.

Alcohol Ink On Etched Glass, Homes For Sale Island Club St Simons Ga, Save For Charged Particle Crossword Clue, Always Speak The Truth Change The Voice, Walk From Kilmarie To Camasunary, Resorts In Ooty For Couples, Genuine Carrier Parts, I Will Never Be The Same Again - Hillsong,